WILLIAM GALLACHER - OSTATNIE WSPOMNIENIA
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AutorWilliam GallacherTytułOstatnie wspomnieniaRok
wydania1968nakład
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aukcjach płacisz za wysyłkę tylko raz.Możliwy odbiór osobisty.Kilka
słów o autorze:William Gallacher (popularly known as Willie
Gallacher, bornDecember 25, 1881-diedAugust 12, 1965) was a
Scottish trade unionist, activist and communist. He was one of the
leading figures of the Shop Stewards' Movement in wartimeGlasgowand
a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. He
served two terms as a Communist Member of Parliament.Gallacher was
born inPaisley, on December 25, 1881. After being educated at the
local elementary school Gallacher found work as a brass fitter.
Gallacher become a prominent left-winger and worked closely with
other socialists in the Clydeside area including David Kirkwood,
John Wheatley, James Maxton, Emanuel Shinwell, Tom Johnston, Neil
Maclean, Harry McShane and George Buchanan. He is viewed as one of
the leading figures of the Red Clydeside period.Wartime
activitiesGallacher was opposed to theUnited Kingdombecoming
involved in World War I. He was president of the Clyde Workers'
Committee, an organisation that had been formed to organise
Clydeside workers and, in particular, to campaign against the
Munitions Act, which forbade engineers from leaving the works where
they were employed. David Lloyd George and Arthur Henderson met
Gallacher and the Clyde Workers' Committee inGlasgowbut they were
unwilling to back down on the issue. In 1916 the Clyde Workers'
Committee journal, The Worker, was prosecuted under the Defence of
the Realm Act for an article criticizing the war. Gallacher and
John Muir, the editor were both found guilty and sent to prison.
Gallacher for six months and Muir for a year.Gallacher and the 40
Hours MovementAfter the war Gallacher was involved in the struggle
for improving workers conditions. It was widely expected that the
end of the war would be followed by widespread unemployment due to
the re-entry of large numbers of demobilised soldiers and sailors
into the labour force.Glasgowwas expected to be particularly badly
affected because a large proportion of its workforce was employed
in war-related areas such as munitions and shipbuilding, which
would suddenly contract with the end of the war. Gallacher and the
Clyde Workers' Committee proposed a campaign to limit working-hours
to 30 per week, which was altered to 40 per week after the Glasgow
Trades Council became involved. In January 1919 the CWC and Trades
Council launched a mass strike in support of the demand for a 40
hour week demand. During the course of the agitation, the police
broke up mass rally of striking workers atGeorge Square,Glasgowon
January 31, 1919. The Coalition government greatly over-reacted to
the strike, thinking that a Bolshevik insurrection was about to
begin on Clydeside, and sent British Army troops and tanks onto the
streets ofGlasgowto control the situation. Whilst revolution was
the furthest thing from the minds of the trade union leaders of the
day, Gallacher later claimed that they should have marched to the
barracks in the Maryhill district of the city and encouraged the
Scottish troops there to leave them and join the workers against
the government. The union leaders of the strike were arrested and
charged with "instigating and inciting large crowds of persons to
form part of a riotous mob". Gallacher was returned to jail, being
sentenced to five months.Political careerIn 1920, Gallacher became
the leading figure of the Communist Labour Party. He led the
grouping into the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and
attempted to be elected to the House of Commons atDundee(1922 and
1923), Fife West (1929 and 1931) and Shipley (1930). He was
eventually elected to represent Fife West in 1935.In 1936 Gallacher
joined members of the Labour Party such as Stafford Cripps and
Aneurin Bevan in arguing for giving military help to the Spanish
Popular Front government fighting against Franco's Fascist forces
in the Spanish Civil War.Gallacher lost hisWest Fifeseat to Labour
at the 1950 General Election coming third behind the National
Liberal candidate, but remained in politics and served as President
of the CPGB between 1956 and 1963.William Gallacher died on August
12, 1965. He remains to this day only one of three Communist
Members of Parliament elected in theUKwithout the endorsement of
the Labour Party. The author of several books, his autobiography,
The Chosen Few, was published in 1940. He also wrote a book about
his experiences during the first world war, Revolt on
theClyde.
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